Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint - Australia Assignment

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint - Australia - Assignment Example The paper "Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint – Australia" explores the environmental issues connected with the threats arising from carbon footprints. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and other equivalent gases are very harmful to the environment. The combined effect of such gases is called carbon footprints. This is a very important area of concern for the world. In countries like Australia where the majority of national income is generated from oil, petroleum and mining industry, carbon footprint is a serious matter of discussion. One of the largest oil and petroleum gas producing company of Australia called Woodside has also taken several voluntary as well as cost-effective measures to reduce emission rate of their business. Woodside considers customised emission reduction plans for each of their project plans. They have emission reduction strategies and models for their different projects. Companies such as BP have also taken measures like implanting solar plants for installing solar panels. It has decided to supply electricity to its retail stores through these solar energy generated electricity. The government of Australia has also taken strict measures imposing carbon tax on companies to limit their carbon emission. Companies are disappointed through such policy because the carbon tax is not fixed and this would affect the revenue of the company. So it would be recommended that the government of Australia can revise the rate of carbon tax for the country.

Harley-Davidson motorcycle Essay Example for Free

Harley-Davidson motorcycle Essay Introduction Harley-Davidson Motorcycles have been around for just over 100 years. They became popular after World War II and had continued success until the 1970A? a‚Â ¬a„? s when the company was sold. In 1981 a group of executives bought the company and turned it around into what it is today. Harley-Davidson has had some hard times and some images to shed to get to where it is now, but it has been and are still the front runner in the motorcycle industry. Industry and Competition Analysis A? a‚Â ¬A? General economic characteristics. The current market for Harley-Davidson motorcycles is mostly baby boomers who want to recapture the freedom of when they were young. Most consumers today are middle to upper class. A? a‚Â ¬A? Driving Forces The main driving force behind changes made in Harley-Davidson is image. The company has had to continually change to fit or change an image that accompanies the products A? a‚Â ¬A? Five Forces Model There is not much rivalry between Harley-Davidson and other manufactures in the United States. The only company that comes close to competing with them is Honda, however Honda does not specialize in the same type of motorcycle that Harley-Davidson does. The only substitute product would be a different type of motorcycle such as a street bike, but Harley-Davidson mainly produces touring bikes. A? a‚Â ¬A? Competitor Analysis There really are not any true competitors in the United States. BMW is competition in Europe as well as other companies that manufacture street or racing bikes, but as far as touring motorcycles, Harley-Davidson does not have any real competition. A? a‚Â ¬A? Key Success Factors Key success factors include marketing to improve or change image, production to produce enough bikes for consumer demand and distribution, having the right dealerships in place to sell the product. 2 A? a‚Â ¬A? Attractiveness This is a very attractive industry for Harley-Davidson; however it would not be a good industry for a new company to try to gain entry into due to such large brand loyalty. Company Situation Analysis Harley-DavidsonA? a‚Â ¬a„? s business strategy to become more profitable is to market a lifestyle instead of a product. They show the Harley image as being free and fun. Consumers want to get that feeling and while most people buy the motorcycles, Harley-Davidson has managed to create a market for their products even for people who do not own a motorcycle. Harley-DavidsonA? a‚Â ¬a„? s main strength is brand loyalty. People see a motorcycle they automatically think of Harley-Davidson. Their weakness however is diversification. While they are extremely successful at producing and selling touring motorcycles, they can not capture the market on other types of motorcycles. Suzuki and Honda are better known for their street bikes that HarleyA? a‚Â ¬a„? s Buell Company. This leads to their opportunities. Harley-DavidsonA? a‚Â ¬a„? s biggest opportunity is to develop a street bike that can compete effectively with a Honda or Suzuki motorcycle. Threats to Harley-Davidson include a changing culture. As Baby Boomers are becoming too old to purchase new motorcycles, they need to refocus their attention to the younger generation. In order to capture the younger generation, Harley-Davidson needs to develop a street bike as not many younger people are as interested in touring motorcycles. Financially, Harley-Davidson is doing very well. Revenues have grown at a rate of 16% over the past 10 years and have reached 4. 6 billion dollars. This is huge growth considering that the company almost went bankrupt in 1985. Key Issues That Need To Be Addressed The main issue that Harley-Davidson is facing is the aging of their buyers. As talked about earlier, the new consumers of motorcycles are going to be younger people who are looking more for performance motorcycles than touring ones. Right now Harley is expanding their current business keeping it the same as it has always been instead of diversifying the products that they manufacture. Harley has such a large brand loyalty and has finally changed the image of a Harley rider into a positive one that the company will be okay; there is just not much more room for growth. 3 Strategy Alternatives One potential strategy alternative would be to either merge or acquire another company. They have already tried doing this with Buell motorcycles, however, the Buell brand is not that well known and only make up . 8% of the market for motorcycles. If Harley-Davidson could acquire a smaller company such as Ducati that is already successful in Europe, it could market it better in the United States and gain even more market control over the industry and continue to increase profits. One weakness to this strategy however is image. Harley-Davidson has the All American image and buying a foreign company and marketing a foreign product could hurt the image to some Harley Owners. Recommendations Harley-Davidson is such a well known and well respected company that I do not necessarily think that they should change their strategy. They have already tried to incorporate new types of motorcycles into their product line with little success. While the V-Rod is vastly different from the bikes they previously made, sales are not as high as on the traditional motorcycles. Their only real option is to better market the V-Rod and Buell motorcycles to try to build a new customer base so that they can increase sales if sales really do decrease on their traditional touring motorcycles.

Essay --

CHAPTER TWO 2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE DESCRIPTION, LIFE CYCLE OF TRYPANOSOME 2.1. Cell Structure of Trypanosome Trypanosomes are unicellular protozoan having a single flagellum that contains microtubules in the 9+2 arrangement typical of other flagella. At the base of the flagellum, the kinetoplast is found which contains DNA in the form of about 6000 connected circles. The kinetoplast DNA is 10% of the total cellular DNA where the action of some anti-trypanosome drugs occurs such as ethidium. The kinetoplast is part of the single long mitochondrion which undergoes structural changes during various stages of life cycle. The surface of the bloodstream form trypanosome contains a dense coat of variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs) which is replaced by an equally dense coat of procyclins when the parasite segregate into the procylic form in the tsetse fly midgut (Ogbadoyi et al., 2000). Trypanosome brucie a flagellated protozoan, is the causative parasite of the infectious disease known as African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) in African, while in America, Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease which is prevalent to human and animal, both are fatal when left untreated (Brun et al., 2010; Carlier et al.,2003; Pereira et al., 2011). African trypanosomiasis is the prominent causes of death in the 36 countries of sub-Saharan African at about 70,000 deaths yearly (Barrett et al., 2003; Keith, 2005). There are two subspecies of trypanosoma brucei that causes sleeping sickness to human which are Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense while African animal trypanosomiasis or nagana disease is caused by T. congolense, T. vivax and Trypanosoma brucei brucei . Trypanosoma brucei brucei is not infective to ... ...vade immune response) that occur in trypanosome. Thus, persistent infection in the host results to continuity in cycle of trypanosome replication, immune complex development, and changing surface coat glycoprotein (Taylor and Authie, 2004; Sinshaw et al., 2006). The clinical signs of AAT are an intermittent fever, signs of anemia, lymphadenopathy, anaemia, anorexia, dullness, inactivation, depression, loss of milk and meat production, and death in un-treated cases and weight loss. In the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis, immunosuppression is the most important and complicating factor caused by trypanosomes to their host. It is difficult to conclude which clinical signs are owing to a given parasite and only few studies have been made in this aspect to identify a specified sign to particular trypanosomes (Murray and Dexter, 1988; Garner et al., 2003).

Leaning Pines Arboretum :: Descriptive Essays

Leaning Pines Arboretum If you head up Via Carta, past Campus Market and the athletic fields, you will come to the Environmental Horticulture Unit. Go past the flower shop and through the green house, then take a left. You will find yourself at the Leaning Pines Arboretum, one of the many hidden treasures here at Cal Poly. A five acre plot of land is devoted to plants native to the five Mediterranean climates in the world, California, Australia, South Africa, Chile, and of course the Mediterranean Basin. The horticulture unit originally resided where the Sierra Madre and Yosemite dormitories now stand but was relocated to a larger piece of land, its present location, which allowed room for the arboretum to be created. Taking up about half the land area, the California garden was the original garden before the arboretum was expanded to include the four other regions. Aside from being the largest, the California garden is the most extensive collection as well. Within this garden, habitats come from all different regions of California except the Sierra Nevada range which is not a Mediterranean climate. They represent all the communities from Northern to Southern California such as native shrubs and grasses and coast live oak woodlands. The section of the garden that looks the most like my home in Marin County is a pond surrounded by redwoods with ferns and oxalis plants. This also happens to be the favorite collection of Chris Wassenberg. Chris Wassenberg is a Cal Poly graduate from the Environmental Horticulture program. All the horticulture students are required to do ten hours of work in the unit outside of class. Chris chose to work in the arboretum, volunteering on a weekly basis until his third quarter when he was hired for a part time position. Now, three years after his graduation in 2001, Chris still works in the arboretum in addition to his normal job. He has risen to a middle management position, overseeing student projects and grounds maintenance. The arboretum requires a lot of work form the students but it is not all maintenance.

Don’t Blame the Eater Essay

In his article â€Å"don’t blame the eater† Zinczenko blames the food industry for the obesity epidemic. Zinczenko opens his articles with a personal story about growing up eating fast food because his parents split up, his mom had to work and he had no other options. He goes on to give statistics on childhood diabetes due to obesity. Zinczenko then insists that â€Å"complicating the lack of alternatives is the lack of information about what exactly we’re consuming. over all Zinczenko is advocating changes in the fast food industry because he believes there is a direct link between obesity, monies spent on fast food advertising and the costs of health care. I agree with Zinczenko that the fast food industry needs to change by as Zinczenko put it â€Å"providing the nutrition information people need to make informed choices about their products†. However I question his claim of not blaming the eater & that the food industry is to blame for today’s rate of childhood obesity. After all I do believe as Zinczenko states â€Å"shouldn’t we know better than to eat two meals a day in fast food restaurants? † Growing up my parents divorced and, like Zinczenko, I was a latch key kid. Everyday my parents made sure my brother and I had lunch for school and dinner that night. As a parent today I understand the pressure of taking care of things, kids, school, work, extracurricular activities, laundry, making dinner and then trying to squeeze in quality time with the family and possibly a social life. With all that going on we always have a choice. I make my family and what they eat a priority, so I make it a point to buy health easy snacks like fruit, yogurt, cheese sticks, and granola bars. Don’t get me wrong we buy and eat cookies, and on a Friday night dinner is takeout. But the rest of the week I make it a priority to cook and eat at home. This means planning ahead, it may mean I cook in advance during a really busy week, we will have leftovers once a week and the crockpot at times is my best friend. I do it because the health of my family is important to me and I choose not to feed them fast foods. Over all I believe it is the responsibility of the individual and the parents of children to make the right choices and to educate themselves and their children about making the right choices and typo educate themselves and their children about healthy eating habits. Hopefully with education and the help of government regulations we can help guide people into making better choices and help fight disease due to obesity, after all as Zinczenko said â€Å"the problem isn’t just there’s – it’s all of ours. â€Å"

Moon essays

Moon essays In a speech by President Bush, he announced the implementation of our technology to be used on the moons surface. Doing this we will be able to establish a base to accommodate with the moons elements and how we could be able to extract oxygen from the moons rocks. Since it has been a prominent topic in the last few months, many directors and astronomers have been indecisive on how we could use the moons resources in several occasions. By establishing this strategy we will understand more about our moon and future missions. One way we could use some of the useful materials from the moon is by using iron to build structures on the moon, said Alan Binder, director of Lunar Research Institute in Tucson, Arizona. (Scientist) Other precious metals found in the moon are silicon, aluminum, magnesium and titanium. Silicon would be used to produce solar panels or solar cells by using a nuclear reactor. This would make it more convenient to the astronauts by using generated electricity in there labs. Aluminum would be some of the most important metals to build parts of the experimenting labs and even parts for the spacecraft. As for magnesium and titanium they would be used to make a more reliable and advanced spacecraft to travel farther into the solar system. Some of the plants or lunar bases that have to be built for this task to perform at top speed would consist of storage space for any sort of liquids, energy storage to maintain everything moving, and special buildings to protect the astronauts from solar radiation. One of the main reasons why we want to build a lunar base on the moon is to make it more indispensable for manned missions to other planets like Mars and having it as a practice field for future explorations. Another reason for this is to reduce more on the fuel by launching from the moon than by launching from the earths atmosphere, which has a greater source of gravity making it ...

The Model Society Essays - Economic Ideologies, Economic Liberalism

The Model Society Essays - Economic Ideologies, Economic Liberalism The Model Society Lisa Pepper Professor Black CES Final Summary of the Model Society Goals of the Model Society Chart comparing aspects of different countries Comparisons between the Model Society and other major societies and theories Triangle Graph Comparisons Survey Bibliographic Information A Utopian society does not exist in any country in the world. The perfect system has not yet been developed. Certainly the United States and the Soviet Union have been two of the most admired systems OF the past, but they to are far from an ideal model of a just society which has been desired by many persons throughout the ages. This just society, is hard to define, nevertheless, this is what I propose. In the model society, all industry is nationalized and all citizens between the ages of twenty-one and forty-five are required to serve in an industrial army. This industrial army is divided into ten branches of industry, each department being under the control of a lieutenant general. Each lieutenant general is elected by a vote of all the retired members of the department he heads, thus avoiding the undesirable effects of having the workers select their own bosses. The general-in-chief of the army is the President, and all the men in the nation not involved in the industrial army elect him. No wages are paid, but all citizens, be they active or retired, receive an equal share in the national income. At the beginning of each year, every citizen is given a credit card marked off in dollars and cents, and every time he makes a purchase the amount is subtracted from his card. If any surplus is left over at the end of the year, it may be used the following year, or returned to the commo n fund. In this model society education is free and the old are provided for. And if any man who is capable of working refuses to do so, he may find himself in solitary confinement until he sees the light. 1. The provision of employment for all persons who are able and willing to work. 2. An equal distribution of money and real income among all citizens so that economic and social deprivation will not exist. 3. An increase in the level of real gross national product from year to year so that the standard of living for all citizens continues to rise. 4. An emphasis on the quality as well as the quantity of life. Full employment is in itself a desirable economic goal. It is the prime function of economy to enable everybody willing and able to work to earn a living, and only a fully employed economy performs this function. Maximum output is desirable given the communitys willingness to work, and here again full employment is a necessary condition. A more equitable distribution of income is one of the major goals of a model society. The major uncertainties of an industrial society are those of unemployment, premature death or disability, prolonged illness, and old age. These uncertainties can be taken care of through social security programs. It is necessary to provide some minimum standard of living for these families through family allowances, housing subsidies, and free medical care. An increase in the standard of living depends on the per capita income. Economic growth in this situation requires an increase in the actual output of goods as well as an increase in an economys capability to produce goods. That is why this is a fundamental goal of a model society. To an extent there is a contradiction between economic growth and the quality of the environment. Economic growth often results in smoke and fumes from more cars, litter, and pollution. In the model society emphasis would be placed on those things necessary to the environment. Although there is no such thing as a utopian society today, there are countries, which appear to have done well in providing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and others which have done nothing to accomplish this goal. Following is brief synopsis of several different countries or theories as compared to the Model Society. Sweden is an excellent example of one such country. It displays a willingness and ability to correct problems that arise in its society today. The model society would hope to imitate

Quotes From V for Vendetta

Quotes From V for Vendetta V for Vendetta V for Vendetta FinchOne thing is true of all governments – their most reliable records are tax records.VFear became the ultimate tool of this government.VNo, what you have are bullets, and the hope that when your guns are empty, Im no longer standing, because if I am... youll all be dead before youve reloaded.FinchIf our own government was responsible for the deaths of almost a hundred thousand people... would you really want to know?Evey HammondI wish I wasnt afraid all the time, but... I am.Evey HammondGod is in the rain...Evey Hammond [about Guy Fawkes and his attempt to blow up Parliament] We are told to remember the idea, not the man, because a man can fail. He can be caught, he can be killed and forgotten, but 400 years later, an idea can still change the world. Ive witnessed first hand the power of ideas, Ive seen people kill in the name of them, and die defending them... but you cannot kiss an idea, cannot touch it, or hold it... ideas do not bleed, they do not feel pain, they do not love... And it is not an idea that I miss, it is a man... A man that made me remember the fifth of November†¦ a man that I will never forget.CreedyDefiant to the end, huh? You wont cry like him, will you? Youre not afraid of death. Youre like me.Sutler [shouts] We are being buried under the avalanche of your inadequacies, Mr. Creedy!SutlerI want this country to realize that we stand on the edge of oblivion. I want everyone to remember why they need us!

Autobiography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Autobiography - Assignment Example This has given me a realization that it is better to have a whole account of my life so that I may reflect back on my achievements and failures. I am also privileged to write down my autobiography so that through it other people can get the bigger picture of life and life’s purpose. Life is significantly affected by the people around one and the environment. The character of people around you will have a great influence on the kind of person you become. This is, however, not a final development in life. With strong will and confidence, the influence of the environment and people around can be overcome and a new character built. This is the approach I took in life. That despite the negative implications that happened in my life, I always strived to become the person I wanted to become and overcome all barriers. Education has also transformed my whole life and made me and gave me a better understanding on why various things happen in people’s life. I have, over the past, grown from a young scared lady to someone with a better understanding of life, confidence, great personality and strong leadership skills. I was born in 1989 in Awassa, a town in Ethiopia. My father, Mr. Zaidi, was a renowned farmer and had a degree in Agricultural industry. My mother, Aynalem Markati, on the other side was a business woman. Both of them are from Ethiopia. Fighting for attention as a 5th born in the family was not that easy for me. However, right from childhood, I came to realize that I needed to earn attention and make the other family members notice me by the positive things that I used to do. This meant that I had to do extraordinary things that made me stand out among other siblings. For instance, I got so attached to my mother such that when I started Kindergarten, I used to insist on going to school with her. This behavior obliged my mum to accompany me to school for the first few weeks as

The Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake. Discuss Essay

The Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake. Discuss - Essay Example Thus, HRA has altered the style in which the UK courts would approach the domestic legislation. Further, the opponents of the HRA vociferously argue that since the rights violation is already covered under the common law, there is no need to legislate separate law namely HRA. The critics argue that the Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake." This essay will discuss why there is a need to repeal the current form HRA in an analytical way and arrive at a conclusion. Whether the Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake? Two main allegations charged against HRA is that it politicises the judiciary and take away the legitimate authority enjoyed by the elected representatives, and it advocates a blame or compensation acculturation whereby society turns to be progressively more contentious5. One of the serious allegations against the Human Rights Act 1998 is that it remains as a hazard to public safety and rights. For instance, immediately after 9/11 attack in USA, the then British Home Secretary made an open warning to the judiciary to cease applying the HRA in ways, which frustrated the UK government plans. The leader of the conservative party is of the opinion that suitable amendments should be made in the HRA to deport those who were encouraging terrorism in UK soil as the HRA was demonstrating to be a barrier to safeguard the lives of UK citizens. Conservative party is of the opinion that HRA has created a culture that has hampered law enforcement machinery and the control of convicted criminal and obstructed the deportation of terrorist suspects. Conservative is also of the opinion that HRA has not succeeded in safeguarding the corrosion of the traditional liberties and may have even offered a facade of respectability. Lord Chancellor during March 2009 viewed his anguish that HRA has been commoditised which was corroborated by those who stressed their privileges in a selfish way without having concerned with the privileges of others. Critic s are of the view that HRA is more concerned with rights thereby totally neglecting responsibilities from UK citizens. Further, there has been ongoing discussion, whether or not the HRA has clouted the exact balance between the courts, Parliament and the executive. Critics have come against the provision in the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and deportation of terrorists which have placed the safety of the public at peril. Some critics vehemently argue that there should be a referendum, whether to retrench the Human Rights Act 1998 or not. Some critics have argued that there should be a referendum on any scheme to withdraw the HRA or to introduce the Bill of Rights which would basically cement some freedoms of individuals6. HRA will extremely impact statutory interpretation. HRA offers the court with the power and obligation to interpret and apply the law in a style that caters the ECHR obligations. It is alleged that HRA falls short of authorising UK co urts to annul legislation, which is not compatible with the ECHR. Clause 3 demands the UK court

Literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Literature review - Research Paper Example Studies where there was no MRSA screening were also excluded because these studies did not offer the information needed to address the major goal of this review. In addition, studies where MRSA infection was not confirmed by microbiologic techniques were excluded because this review was designed to study only patients that were confirmed to carry the infection after both screening and microbiologic techniques. Based on the findings from the cases in the literature, the broad problem was that too many patients are transmitting Methicillin resistant Staph aureus in ICU. Specifically, the literature aimed to provide evidence for the question, â€Å"Would the high transmission rate decrease if screening in adult patients was conducted upon admittance to the ICU unit as opposed to not screening?† This problem is important to pursue because it affected patient outcomes including the length of stay and complications from other illnesses. This problem also had a potential impact on th e quality of treatment due to overcrowding and understaffing. The costs were also affected since the hospital was forced to use more money for testing, medicine, and housing patients. Finally, the access to needed medications was limited, and ordering caused further delays. For the purposes of this study, the patients in each case study were limited to adults who were admitted to the ICU section. Children were not included in any of the studies regarding MRSA, and patients in other sections of the facility were also excluded. The following review placed eleven case studies into discussion, focusing on the interventions, comparisons, and outcomes of the studies. Each study included a report on the interventions used for that study, with interesting results from each case study. Clancy, Grepler, Wilson, Douglas, Johnson, and Price (2006), used swab samples which were obtained upon admission to ICUs and weekly thereafter patients who tested positive from nasal or clinical specimens wer e placed in contact isolation, even after readmission DNA fragments were analyzed for similarity of banding PFGE patterns. Dalla Valle, Pasca, De Vitis, Marzani, Emmi, and Marone (2009), also gathered swab samples, although they obtained the samples upon admission and twice-weekly thereafter. Patients who screened positive received isolation and/or antibiotic or colonization therapy. Honda, Krauss, Coopersmith, Kollef, Richmond, Fraser, and Warren (2010), conducted nasal screening, and had the patients who screened positive had contact precautions implemented with no antibiotic or colonization therapy. Clancy and Dalla Valle would have probably described Honda’s practice as irresponsible since antibiotics were not administered and patients were not relocated to a secluded area. This made the study ineffective, because there was no way to prevent the spread of MRSA between patients in the ICU. Other case studies that used the swab method included Lucet, Paoletti, Lolom, Paugam -Burtz, Trouillet, Timsit, Deblangy, Andremont, and Regnier (2005) used nasal swabs to obtain within 24 hours at admission and weekly thereafter. Although once a week was a consistent testing window, the case study probably would have generated far stronger results if testing had been conducted at lease twice a week. Contact precautions were implemented in MRSA positive patients. Another method used to determine MRSA was the standard culture method. Cunningham, Jenks, Northwood,

Response Paper to McCloskey's article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Response Paper to McCloskey's article - Essay Example He goes ahead to suggest that due to lack of proof the notion of Gods existence should be dismissed altogether. Moreover, looking keenly at the arguments he puts across it lacks substance, one of those is existence of evil, which he says it is a proof God does not exist. This kind of argument lacks merit because one can say that if presence of evil things is a proof of Gods non-existence, what about the existence of the good and what it proofs. The article has not answered this query. McCloskey believes that the cosmological argument was an argument from the existence of the world. McCloskey also states that believing in an uncaused first origin of the universe is issues because nothing about our universe leads us to that believe. However, many of us may disagree with this because we believe that God is the fundamental factor of the origin of the universe. Furthermore, scholars and philosophers term that the universe is contingent; therefore, the universe requires a necessary being t o acts as an ultimate cause. Finally, this necessary being is God.His article represents his own thinking and that of atheism but does not proof anything. In his article, he puts emphasis on the point that evident proofs of nature cannot adequately elucidate the existence of God. ... He seems to be comfortable with naturalistic ideas. McCloskey points out these objections against the cosmological argument stating that the fact that the world is real is enough evidence not to believe in such a higher being as God, but Evans and Manis puts forward the following argument in response. They say that for a contingent being to exist then there must be a necessary being that causes the contingent being to exist contingent beings exist, therefore if we are the contingent beings then God must be the Necessary being. The only fault in this response is that they do not have evidence to proof their argument (Evans and Manis, 2009).. They response to the issues raised by Mccloskey to their arguments by pointing out that atheist assertion that the universe has always survived. Manis and Evans counter by stating their approach is enough for such a challenge since they do not make any suggestion as to the age of the universe. The other issue raised by Mccloskey is that if everyth ing has a cause, then God must have a cause as well but Manis and Evans counters this by saying that God is not a contingent being, therefore His origin cannot be known and it is unnecessary to know and that is why He is God. The main challenge to this is naturalism, this is because naturalists hold a notion that things exists at natures will and have no cause but on the same breath they cannot explain why beings exist. McCloskey points out that cosmological argument by saying that he does not sanction us to assume an all-mighty, all-perfect, all-powerful uncaused being which causes other beings. Evans and Manis accepts that this is debatable, They further note that even if the argument is held as

Introduction for Postnatal Depression (PND) Essay

Introduction for Postnatal Depression (PND) - Essay Example irth but these issues are distinct from postnatal depression by means of preponderance, the clinical demonstration of the illness, the time of onset, period of illness, and time of recurrence of disease. The most usual mental illness linked with post pregnancy and birth of the child is unipolar depression either major or minor, this depression can happen to any women anytime after the childbirth and within the first postnatal year. Postnatal depression is chiefly second to women with caesarean cases, as these cases result in more frequent complexities during and after childbirth (Walsh, pp. 24-29, 2009). During the last few years, the facilities and services rendered to the expected women, mothers and their infants have undergone major improvements complimenting with exponential decline in death rate of infants and the expecting women (Affonso et al, pp. 255-271, 1991). These improvements are due to the development in different departments such as obstetrics and medicine, bettered obstetric standards, much improved midwifery care and concern, and the development in health education, social service, health of people and maintenance of general hygienic environment. Nevertheless, the sector of mental healthcare has not achieved such great improvements in order to reduce the mental illness and depression among the expecting women, mothers and their infants. The wide range of variation in symptoms of the mental illness can result in difficulty in diagnosis of postnatal depression (Affonso et al, pp. 255-271, 1991). The situation gets even more difficult when the women do not have enough knowledge to understand the symptoms as signs of depression or if the corporeal symptoms have greater influence than the symptoms of mental illnesses. Sad, gloomy, irritated and exhausted moms attend the primary care more often but with issues related to their child only and not themselves. Authentic methods and reliable techniques are compulsory in order to recognize depression and

Response Paper to McCloskey's article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Response Paper to McCloskey's article - Essay Example He goes ahead to suggest that due to lack of proof the notion of Gods existence should be dismissed altogether. Moreover, looking keenly at the arguments he puts across it lacks substance, one of those is existence of evil, which he says it is a proof God does not exist. This kind of argument lacks merit because one can say that if presence of evil things is a proof of Gods non-existence, what about the existence of the good and what it proofs. The article has not answered this query. McCloskey believes that the cosmological argument was an argument from the existence of the world. McCloskey also states that believing in an uncaused first origin of the universe is issues because nothing about our universe leads us to that believe. However, many of us may disagree with this because we believe that God is the fundamental factor of the origin of the universe. Furthermore, scholars and philosophers term that the universe is contingent; therefore, the universe requires a necessary being t o acts as an ultimate cause. Finally, this necessary being is God.His article represents his own thinking and that of atheism but does not proof anything. In his article, he puts emphasis on the point that evident proofs of nature cannot adequately elucidate the existence of God. ... He seems to be comfortable with naturalistic ideas. McCloskey points out these objections against the cosmological argument stating that the fact that the world is real is enough evidence not to believe in such a higher being as God, but Evans and Manis puts forward the following argument in response. They say that for a contingent being to exist then there must be a necessary being that causes the contingent being to exist contingent beings exist, therefore if we are the contingent beings then God must be the Necessary being. The only fault in this response is that they do not have evidence to proof their argument (Evans and Manis, 2009).. They response to the issues raised by Mccloskey to their arguments by pointing out that atheist assertion that the universe has always survived. Manis and Evans counter by stating their approach is enough for such a challenge since they do not make any suggestion as to the age of the universe. The other issue raised by Mccloskey is that if everyth ing has a cause, then God must have a cause as well but Manis and Evans counters this by saying that God is not a contingent being, therefore His origin cannot be known and it is unnecessary to know and that is why He is God. The main challenge to this is naturalism, this is because naturalists hold a notion that things exists at natures will and have no cause but on the same breath they cannot explain why beings exist. McCloskey points out that cosmological argument by saying that he does not sanction us to assume an all-mighty, all-perfect, all-powerful uncaused being which causes other beings. Evans and Manis accepts that this is debatable, They further note that even if the argument is held as

Contemporary management practise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary management practise - Essay Example In order to better understand the Ford Market, a Pestle and Swot analysis can be done. As Ford Motors is mostly controlled by the Ford family; the government and outside partners have very little stake over the company. As a result, the company has not been influenced by the increasing volatility of the political market. However, as a result of the taxation policies and political conspiracies, the company is seeing a continuous decline in demand in the European market. One of the factors which might have critical influence on the overall market of Ford in United Kingdom is purchasing power of potential target market. The inflation rate of the economy is low which a good sign for organisations in this sector. In order to match the market requirements, the company can minimise cost structure of its low-end products. Ford has shifted from its traditional advertising mode to a more creative and aggressive campaigning. As consumer spending is increasing and more and more customers are opting for cars, Ford has started expanding its current base of target customers, focussing on college goers as well as women professionals. The advertisements also focus on environment and sustainability in order to build greater brand equity of the company. Rising number of consumers are using internet and this can be a good opportunity for Ford to establish online marketing strategies for its target market (Aharoni and Ramamurti, 2011). The company has launched new economic car variants with major emphasis on factors such as, environmental pollution, car safety and recycling. With changing trends among consumers and industry towards more eco-friendly automobiles, Ford has also started focussing on more economic and fuel efficient engines (Mullins, 2007). One of the major developments in Ford’s growth came from technology. The company has inspired other competitors as well as the entire industry by launching some

Linguistic Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Linguistic Anthropology Essay Ever since I was seven years old, I’ve wanted to be a writer; more specifically, a poet. I think for my chosen profession, linguistic anthropology would benefit me better than any other field of anthropology. According to the Department of Anthropology of California State University, â€Å"Linguistic anthropologists are interested in how many languages there are, how those languages are distributed across the world, and their contemporary and historical relationships. We are also interested in language variation, why variations exist, how the variations are used (i. e. , do you say ‘tomAto’ or ‘tomahto’?! ), and what they mean when they are used in various contexts. † (University, C. S, 2013). In order to be a truly great writer, I believe that one must travel the world and see different locations in order to see how people communicate differently from myself. Meaning, how people form their verbs, etc. on a daily basis. The more I know about a culture and a language, the easier it will be for me to come up with a setting and/or to develop a character’s personality based on a type of dialect. (i. e.  whether I would want a character to speak in slang or very proper) A good example of this is my interest and love for the French language. I took three years of it in high school. Laura K. Lawless explains the differences between French and English languages. â€Å"French and English are related languages in a sense, because French is a Latin language with German and English influence, while English is a Germanic language with Latin and French influence. Thus there are some similarities between them, most notably the same alphabet and a number of true cognates. † (Lawless, 2013). Here are some examples of how the two languages differ: When it comes to stressed and unstressed syllables, the French stress at end of each rhythmic group, while the English tend to stress syllables in each word, plus stress on important word. The French language also uses certain verbs that require prepositions, while the English language uses many verbs without prepositions. (Lawless, 2013). A cultural lens would be helpful in my chosen profession because, as writer Layng Wong so eloquently puts it: â€Å"As writers we can weigh in on the  discussion. Walking in someone else’s shoes and seeing the world through their eyes cultivates humanity. Historical and cultural details add emotional intensity and further deepen your characters. Awareness builds understanding. † (Wong,2013). I agree with Wong whole-heartedly on this point in order to get a true feeling of what subject one’s writing about, the author, even a poet must study and immerse themselves into a culture in every way possible. Bibliography Lawless, L. K. (2013). Differences between french and english . Retrieved from http://french. about. com/od/lessons/a/differences. htm University, C. S. (2013. ). Linguistic anthropology. Retrieved from http://www. csulb. edu/colleges/cla/departments/anthropology/linguistic-anthropology/ Wong, L. (2013, March 16). Looking through the cultural lens. Retrieved from http://laynewong. com/looking-through-the-cultural-lens/

Understanding The Stereochemistry Of Organic Compounds Environmental Sciences Essay

Understanding The Stereochemistry Of Organic Compounds Environmental Sciences Essay Stereoisomers are defined as molecules of identical atomic compositions (molecular formulas), but with different bonding arrangements of atoms or orientation of their atoms in space. Based on this definition, several types of isomerism are possible including constitutional, configurational, and conformational isomerism. Constitutional isomers (also called structural or positional isomers) are molecules with the same atomic composition but different bonding arrangements between atoms, as illustrated by theexamples of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone . All of these compounds have the same atomic composition (C6H6O2), but different bonding arrangements of atoms and are thus distinct chemical entities with different chemical and physical properties. Stereochemistry (from the the greek stereos,meaning solid) refers to chemistry in three dimensions. Since most molecules are three dimension , stereochemistry ,infact, prevade all chemistry. It is not so much a branch of the subject as a point of view, and wheather one choose to take this point of view in any given situation depends on the problem one wants to solve and on the tools one has available to solve it. We factorize stereochemistry into its ststic and dynamic aspects.STATIC stereochemistry (better called stereochemistry of molecules) deals with the counting of stereoisomer, with their structure, with their energy and with their physical and most of their spectral property. DYNAMIC stereochemistry(stereochemistry of reaction) deals with the stereochemical requirement and stereochemical outcome of chemical reactions, including interconversion of conformational isomerms. If we represent the following imaginary molecule with no stereochemistry, there is nothing apparently special about it: However, if we represent it fully, including the position of atoms in space, it becomes apparent that the description above is vague, as it encompasses two molecules; those below: This is what stereochemistry is we can define compounds into many way and can also originate many new compouds. So stereochemistry is chemistry that studies the property of isomers. HISTORY Historically the origins of stereochemistry stem from the discovery of plane polarized light by the french physicist MALUS. In 1815 biot note that certain natural organic compounds rotate plane polarized light as ARGO(1811), discovered that a quartz plate, cut at a right angle to its crystal axis ,rotates the plane polarized light through an angle proportional to the thickness of the plate. S ome quartz crystal rotate towards left while some to the right. However in 1847 LOUIS PASTEUR find that equimolar solution of seprated mixture have equal but opposite optical activity. In 1874 LEBEL and VANT-HOFF proposes that carbon with 4 attachment is tetrahedral and a molecule having a teahedral geometry will exist as pair of two isomer. ISOMERISM Isomers are defined as molecules of identical atomic compositions (molecular formulas), but with different bonding arrangements of atoms or orientation of their atoms in space. Based on this definition, several types of isomerism are possible including constitutional, configurational, and conformational isomerism. Constitutional isomers (also called structural or positional isomers) are molecules with the same atomic composition but different bonding arrangements between atoms, as illustrated by theexamples of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone . All of these compounds have the same atomic composition (C6H6O2), but different bonding arrangements of atoms and are thus distinct chemical entities with different chemical and physical properties. GEOMETRIC ISOMERISM Geometric isomers have the same empirical formula or molecular formula and also the same structural formula, but have a different relative arrangement of the substituent groups. For example, the two geometric isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene (Figure 2) have the molecular formula of C2H2Cl2, and the same structural formula of Cl(H)C=C(H)Cl, but the relative position of the two chlorine atoms can either be the same side of the C=C double bond (i.e., cis, see Figure 2a) or on opposite sides of the C=C double bond (i.e., trans, see Figure 2b). The use of cis and trans is not limited to organic compounds such as olefins, but can also be used in metal complexes, e.g., Figure 3. Figure 2: The two geometric isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene. Figure 3: Examples of (a) cis and (b) trans geometric isomers for metal complexes. When it is not possible to describe geometric isomers by the terms cis or trans, the terms facial (fac, Figure 4a) or meridinal (mer, Figure 4b) are commonly employed. Examples of (a) fac and (b) mer geometric isomers for metal complexes. POLARIMETRY AND OPTICAL ROTATION Polarized light is obtained by passing ordinary light through a polarizer , such as nicol prism.The orientation of the polarizers axis of polarization determines the plane of the resulting polarized light. OPTICAL ACTIVITY:- Unpolarized light from a suitable source is made to pass through a polarizer that usually consists of a pair of crossed Nichol prisms. The light leaving the polarizer is plane polarized and, in the diagram, the angle of the Nichol prisms has been adjusted to produce vertically polarized light. This light is then passed through a tube containing the sample. If the sample is optically active, the plane of the polarized light will be rotated, as shown in figure The extent of rotation will depend on the polarizability of the substance and its concentration. The light from the sample cell is then passed through another pair of crossed Nichol prisms called the analyzer. The analyzer prisms are then rotated so that the transmitted light is again vertically polarized. The angle through which the analyzer has been turned is called the angle of polarization. Clockwise rotation of polarized light is designated as (+) and anti clockwise rotation as ( ). The established method of defining rotatio n is that the (+) isomer is termed dextro and the ( ) isomer laevo. Optical activities of enantiomer A pair of enantiomer are distinguised by their optical activites because a pair of enantiomers rotates the plane of polarized light by equal amounts in opposite direction. In a mixture of two enantiomers, each contribute to the optical rotation in proportion to its concentration.It follows that a sample containing equal amounts of two enantiomer must have an observed optical rotation of zero. Enantiomer of tartaric acid is: ENANTIOMER Enantiomers are compounds that have the same ordering of atoms as each other, but that differ from one another when viewed in three dimensions. The compound drawn to the left is an enantiomer because it has the H3C group projecting up from the page toward the reader. The corresponding enantiomer would have the H3C group projecting below the page away from the reader. A racemic mixture refers to a 50:50 mixture of two corresponding enantiomers. CHIRALITY Chirality is a structural property of an object. An object is said to bechiral if its mirror image can not be superimposed with itself by the means of rotations. The most familiar example of a chiral object is our hand. To see this, we first have to convince ourselves that our two hands are mirror images of each other. Then we can spend hours rotating our two hands around and trying to superimpose them point-to-point, only to find out that it is impossible. Thus a human hand is a chiral object. An object is said to be achiral if its mirror image is its exact replica DIASTEREOMER They are different physical/chemical properties in chiral/achiral environments. Stereoisomers that are not enantiomer are called diastereomers. FISHER PROJECTION Fischer projections are used to visually describe various isomers of the same compound in two dimensions. They are also used as a basic test for optical activity (or chirality). The Fischer projection looks like a cross, with the (invisible) asymmetric carbon located at the points where the lines cross. The horizontal lines are taken to be wedges, or bonds that project out of the plane of the paper. The vertical lines are taken to project away form the viewer, or back below the plane of the paper, as dashed lines. CONFIGURATION Configurational isomers are defined as molecules of identical atomic composition and bonding arrangements of atoms, but different orientations of atoms in space, and these different orientations cannot interconvert freely by bond rotation. Since these types of isomers differ only in relative spatial orientations of atoms, they are commonly referred to as stereoisomers. Configurational stereoisomers are subcategorized as optical isomers (enantiomers) or geometric isomers (Fig. 2), depending upon the hybridization state and geometry of the atoms that impart the properties of stereoisomerism and the overall structure of the molecule. Stereoisomers of this type are distinct chemical entities that may have different chemical and physical properties. CONFORMATION Conformational isomers (conformers) are stereoisomeric forms characterized by different relative spatial arrangements of atoms that result from rotation about sigma bonds. Thus, unlike configurational isomers, conformers are interconverting stereochemical forms of a single compound. STEREOCHEMICAL CORRELATION The absolute configuration of most organic compounds are determined instead by using chemical reaction correlate with other compounds of known absolute compounds is known as stereochemical correlation. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF CHEMICAL REACTION No chemical reaction can be planned without stereochemical details,and no chemical reaction can be planned without considering problems oe stereochemistry that might arise. A.STEREOCHEMICHEMISTRY OF ADDITION REACTION An addition reaction can occur in either of two stereochemically different ways,called syn addition and anti addition. Stereochemistry of an addition can be determined only when the stereochemically different modes of addition give rise to stereochemically different products. Syn and anti addition gives different products only when both carbons of the double bond becomes carbon stereocentre in the product. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF SUBSITITUTION REACTION A substitution reaction can occur in two stereochemically different ways, called retention of configuration and inversion of configuration then x and x have the same relative stereochemical position. Substation rxn with retention of configuration is It implies that if x and x have the same relative priorities in the R,S system then the carbon that undergoes subsititution will have the same configuration in the reactant and the product. When the subsititution occur with inversion of configuration then x and x have different relative stereochemical positions. Subsititution with inversion of configuration is: They have same relative priorities in the R,S system, then the carbon that undergoes substitution must have opposite configuration in the reactant and the product. Stereochemistry of   Reactions Two products are formed when a chiral substrate that possesses an asymmetric, electrophilic carbon is applied in an   reaction. One of them has the same absolute configuration as the starting product (if, according to the CIP rules, the leaving group and the nucleophile have the same position in the priority order of the substituents), which is called retention. In contrast, the other product possesses the opposite absolute configuration, known as inversion. In reactions, the nucleofuge exits the substrate before the nucleophilic attack can ever occur. Thus, an intermediate carbocation is then formed. Due to the carbocations trigonal planar shape, its two enantiotopic sides are susceptible to attack by the nucleophile with the same probability. Stereochemistry of  Reactions If a pure enantiomer is applied to an reaction, three different stereochemical results are conceivable: The initial spatial arrangement of the reaction centers substituents remains (retention). The initial substituents spatial arrangement is inverted (inversion). Retention, as well as inversion takes place. If retention and inversion occur to the same degree, the reaction yields a racemate (racemization). Stereochemistry of E2 Elimination In the E2 elimination reaction, the carbon-hydrogen sigma bond and the carbon-leaving group sigma bond must lie in the same plane. This allows the orbitals to begin to overlap to form the pi bond as the bonds to the hydrogen and the leaving group are broken. There are two possible planar arrangements of these bonds: both on the same side of the C-C bond (syn-coplanar); or on opposite sides of the C-C bond (anti-coplanar) In syn the bond from the carbon to the leaving group (green) and the bond from the other carbon to the hydrogen (blue) are syn-coplanar. The dihedral angle between these bonds is zero degrees. This conformation is eclipsed about the carbon-carbon bond In anti the bond from the carbon to the leaving group (green) and the bond from the other carbon to the hydrogen (blue) are anti-coplanar. The dihedral angle between these bonds is 180 degrees. This conformation is staggered about the carbon-carbon bond. Because this conformation is more stable than the eclipsed conformation required for syn elimination, anti elimination is preferred in E2 reactions STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKANE Conformations Alkane conformers arise from rotation around sp3 hybridised carbon carbon sigma bonds. The smallest alkane with such a chemical bond, ethane, exists as an infinite number of conformations with respect to rotation around the C-C bond. Two of these are recognised as energy minimum (staggered) and energy maximum (eclipsed) forms. The existence of specific conformations is due to hindered rotation around sigma bonds, although a role for hyperconjugation is proposed by a competing theory. CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMER There are different types of isomer. Isomers such as butane and isobutane that differ in the connectivity of their atom are termed as constitutional isomer.butane and isobutane are only constitutional isomer with the formulaC4H10 . However ,more constitutional isomer are possibles for alkane with more carbon atoms. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKENE The stereochemistry of halogen addition is unequivocally determined by the anti addition and the almost completely restricted rotation of the carbon-carbon bond of the halonium ion. Therefore, the bromination of cis-2-butene yields a racemate of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-dibromobutane, whereas the bromination of trans-2-butene yields the meso compound. CIS TRANS GEOMETRY OF ALKENE If alkenes have two different substituents at each end of the C=C then they can exist as stereoisomers (as geometric isomers ). This is because there is restricted rotation of the double bond due to the pi bond CIS TRANS E-Z SYSTEM The cis- / trans- style is based on the longest chain whereas the E/Z style is based on a set of priority rules.   You need to know both styles. Z SYSTEM cis-but-2-eneor (Z)-but-2-ene The E- and Z- style is more reliable and particularly suited to highly substituted alkenes, especially when the substituents are not alkyl groups. STEREOCHEMISTRY:-FUTURE PROSPECTUS AND APLLICATION 1.Temperature modulation of the stereochemistry of enzymatic catalys. 2.It is used in medical purpose for malarial prevention, control and research 3.The HeI resonance line used for UPS was produced by DC discharge of pure helium gas. 4. Stereochemistry is highly used in biochemistry in various purposes like enzyme catalyst e.t.c. 5. Penning ionization is known to be one of the most important types of chemical reaction in aerospace. Steric shielding effect of methyl group an penning ionization in subsitutional aniline. 6. Stereochemistry is always used in discovering new compounds 7. Stereochemistry is used to know the property and other new property of the existing compound or the compounds not knownà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. REFRENCES Hehre, W.J.(1975),J.AM.CHEM KARLE J.(1973),ELECTRON DIFRACTION IN NACHOD,F.C AND ZUKERMAN, VOL 5 P12. ELIEL L. ERNEST(2009),STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS,WILEY STUDENT EDITION LOUDON MARC G.(2009),4th EDITON ,ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ,OXFORD UNIERSITY PRESS WEBSITE http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Example_of_stereoisomers http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://img121.imageshack.us/img121/5564/81111276.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.chemicalforums.com/index. WWW.CHEMISTRY.UK www.wileyindia/chem.com

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Fate and

Oedipus Rex, Fate, and the Modern World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the two thousand since â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was written, it has been analyzed and dissected innumerable times and in every possible way.   Usually the analysis has been within the context of the play itself or within the context of other Greek tragedies.   Perhaps it would be more relevant and interesting to evaluate the play within the context of the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his play Sophocles brings up many questions which are not easily answered.   Does man ha free will? What responsibilities does a man have for his own actions? Should the inferior human intellect and poor human reasoning be placed above obedience to one’s God or gods?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither Sophocles nor the Greeks originated these questions.   Thousands of years before the time of the Greeks man worried that his life, and therefore his fate, was determined by very powerful gods.   Hence much time and energy was spent praying and asking the gods to utilize divine intervention to provide better hunting, weather, food, and other forms of good fortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thousands of years of superstition and spiritual worship evolved into Greeks’ religion, which was based on mythology and the belief that gods of the Olympus controlled the lives of men.   Sophocles brings to light the Greeks’ beliefs in several scenes as the gods are consulted through the oracles.   In one scene, Iokaste tells Oedipus that an oracle told Laios that his doom would be death at the hands of his own son.  Ã‚  Ã‚   His son born of his flesh and mine (II. 214-220).   Iokaste and Laios had asked an oracle about their baby’s future (Oedipus) to have better understanding of the child’s fate.   Upon receiving this information, and realizing the tragic destiny o... ...learn there, I f he can, What act or pledge of mine may save the city. (II. 72-77)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the Greeks did two thousand years ago, the Indians of Guatemala do today.   Oracles are consulted about every important event in their life.   Not only do they go to their future, they also make many futile attempts to change their destiny by offering food, money, alcohol or cigars to Maximon, Culiatlec, Kielem, or whatever god they believe to have the strongest powers.   Without access to resources or education, the Mayan Indian is destined to work his small plot of land and barely survive on a diet of beans and tortillas.   He will dye young from hard work just as his father, grand father, and every other ancestor since the beginning of time.   If he tries to change his fate by taking up arms against his oppressor, he will dye even younger.   In the same way  Ã‚     

The Horse Dealer?s Daughter :: essays research papers

In D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Horse Dealer’s Daughter,† Mabel â€Å"did not share the same life as her brothers †(195). Mabel Pervin was not close to her brothers, because there were personal and physical separations. Mabel was a plain, uninteresting woman. She seldom showed emotion on her face. In fact her face usually remained impassive and unchanged. Her brothers could be described as three handsome and well-spoken men. Mabel was independent, having taken care of the house for ten years without a servant. Even though they depended upon her, they seemed to have control over her. The Pervin brothers â€Å"did not care about anything† (195). They were poised and felt secure about themselves. Her brothers felt superior to her. â€Å"They had talked at her and round her for so many years, that she hardly heard them at all† (196). She would either give a neutral response to her brothers, or remain quiet when they talked to her. Instead of giving her encouragement, they teased her. This treatment could have led to her insecurity. They would tease her about becoming a maid or about her â€Å"bulldog† face. Her brothers were full of energy and very talkative. Mabel also seemed to be alone in the world. Unlike her brothers who had many companions, she had had no friends of her own sex. Sometimes it seemed that Mabel wanted to escape her life. One place Mabel felt secure and immune from the world was at her mother’s grave. â€Å"There she always felt secure, as if no one could see her† (200). Mabel was extremely devoted to her deceased parents, especially her mother. She was mindless and persistent. At the graveside, she had many different feelings. She seemed to be coming nearer to her own glorification. Also she would become remote and intent. She seemed to feel contact with the world that mother had lived.

Racism in to Kill a Mockingbird

Harper Lee uses racism in, To Kill a Mockingbird, to show readers the bad outcomes of racist thoughts and ideas. The sentence of life in prison to Tom Robinson, Atticus defending Tom Robinson, and Jem's thoughts on Black people's blood are all examples of Harper Lee's intentions. Racism is the hatred or intolerance of another race and is a theme that is ever present in Harper Lee's book, To Kill a Mockingbird. Tom Robinson was being sentenced to life in prison for supposedly raping Mayella Ewell even though there is proof that he did not.The jury voted him guilty as charged. â€Å"In our courts, when it's a white man's word against a black man's word the white man always wins. They're ugly, but those are the facts of life. † Atticus tells Jem. This is a terrible outcome of Racism. Tom Robinsons life is now gone because of white man in the jury being prejudice against a black man essay writer cheap. When Atticus decides to a Tom Robinson he gets sworn at by getting called a â⠂¬Å"nigger-lover† by many even his own nephew. â€Å"‘Francis, what the hell do you mean? / ‘Just what I said. Grandma says it's bad enough he lets you run wild, but now he turned out to be a nigger lover. ‘† Those who are racist are very arrogant and proud but those who are affected by it are affected greatly. Tom Robinson and Atticus are just two of many that are affected by Racism. Even Atticus, a white man, is affected by the patronizing on slaughter of racist remarks. Jem, slightly brainwashed by his town and community, has racist thoughts and ideas about Negroes.Jem tells scout outside of the courthouse â€Å"Once you have a drop of Negro blood, that makes you all black. † This example of racism shows how even children, at best, are showing signs of racism in a country where there should not be any. Harper Lee is showing the older community is doing to Maycomb's children. Basically they are brainwashing the kids without even knowing it. Th eir children just go by what their parents do and say. Thought Jem said a racist remark, later on in To Kill a Mockingbird he does not show much racists thoughts.In fact, Jem learns about racism during and after Tom Robinson's trial. Harper Lee uses racism to show readers the bad outcomes of racist thoughts and ideas. The sentence of life in prison to Tom Robinson, Atticus defending Tom Robinson, and Jem's thoughts on Black people's blood are all examples of Harper Lee's intentions. Though Racism is still in this world today Harper Lee shows what racism does and how it works; thus proving the bad outcomes and results of racism.

QSR Industry In India Essay

Executive Summary 4 ï‚ ¨ India is witnessing rapid urbanization of small towns and growth of mid-sized cities. This along with rising population in key metros and higher disposable incomes is fuelling growth in every industry. 35% of India‟s population will be in urban centres by 2020 totaling to 53 crores compared to the current urban population of 32 crores. ï‚ ¨ Consumer markets are being driven by the country‟s youth population. Be it college goers or the young working class, exposure to the international environment and culture, has created a demand for world-class products at affordable prices. ï‚ ¨ This has led to the rise of Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs) in India, the fastest growing segment in the eating out market. By 2012, there will be at least 2000 more QSR outlets across India. ï‚ ¨ With QSR giants like Starbucks and Dunkin‟ Donuts yet to foray in the market, there is a lot to look forward to. 5 Industry Overview 7% of the total restaurant market comprises of QSRs 6 ï‚ ¨ The Indian fast food market is growing at an annual rate of 25-30 per cent, Foreign fast food chains are Estimated Size of the Indian Restaurant Industry Organized Eating Out Market, Rs. 8600 Cr. Growth : 20% (20%) aggressively increasing their presence in the country. ï‚ ¨ The market is dominated by global brands like McDonalds, KFC and Dominos specially in the organized fast food segment. Growing trend of Unorganized Market, Rs.3 4400 Cr. (80%) Growth : 5-6% consumption of new cuisines and increasing brand awareness has led to the increase of global players. The new age Indian consumers have also played a QSR Market Rs.3000 Crores 7% significant role. ï‚ ¨ Organized modern formats like malls, multiplexes and Organized Restaurant Market (Except QSRs) Rs.5600 Crores 13% food courts have also become a favoured destination. Larger companies are teaming up with small franchisors to set-up their brand. ï‚ ¨ QSRs started with big metros, but are now building their presence in Tier 2 cities like Unorganized Restaurant Market Rs.34400 Crores 80% Pune, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh and Bangalore. Sources: www.nrai.org,, www.rncos.com Total Restaurant Industry Rs. 43000 Crore Market Segmentation 7 Restaurant Industry †¢Road-side location †¢No technical standards †¢No accounting standardization Unorganized Full-Service Restaurants QSRs Fine Dining Take-away Casual Dining Organized Home Delivery Eat-in Bars and Lounges †¢Accounting Transparency †¢Organized Supply Chain †¢Quality Control †¢Sourcing Norms †¢Multiple Outlets †¢Dominated by Global Players Kiosks/Carts Highest growth segment. Maximum Footfall due to increasing traffic at airports, railway stations, malls, multiplexes and supermarkets Growth Drivers 8 25% of population eats out at least twice a month and spends Rs.150-Rs.500 / meal Urbanization Youth Spending Expanding Middle Class 2% 11% Better logistics A younger and richer India is fuelling rapid growth in the eating-out segment 29% Affuent Upper Middle Class 300 million 29.5 % or 88.5 million Key consumption areas 2% 5% Total population of Gen Next (13-24 Age Group) Total population of Gen Next living in urban areas Household Distribution By Annual Income 1% Nuclear families Mall and Multiplex boom Clothing & accessories, Food, Entertainment and durables Spending Power Rs.3000-40000 per month †¢ †¢ Lower Middle Class 86% 64% Bottom of the pyramid Urban youth behaviour †¢ †¢ 2010 2020 Sources: Marketing Whitebook 2011-12, Economic Times, MGI Socially active Hangs out at coffee shops and malls Prefers to be seen at the right places Expresses one‟s identity through choice of brands consumed Maintaining Consistency in product and quality of service are the biggest challenges faced by QSRs 9 Challenges Demand Side Supply Side Health and hygiene concerns among buyers Maintaining Quality of Service Acquiring Key Talent Building a costeffective supply chain QSR customers are very easy to sell to, but also very easy to lose Localization of Menu Managing high attrition rate amongst junior level employees Establishing a supply chain in a new region Beating local competition Standardization of product across outlets Low entry barriers Monitoring multiple outlets Reducing service time – efficient assembly line Talent Supply Chain Monitoring quality of products procured from third parties SWOT Analysis 10 STRENGTH OPPOTUNITIES †¢ Burgeoning middle class †¢ Risk-sharing in a franchise based model †¢ Abundance of cheap labour in India †¢ Increase in malls and Positive multiplexes †¢ Increasing youth spending †¢ Urbanization WEAKNESS THREATS †¢ Sourcing Talent †¢ Food Inflation †¢ Monitoring franchisees †¢ Product imitation †¢ Maintaining quality standards across outlets †¢ Understanding Indian tastes Internal Factors †¢ Price Competition †¢ Dependency on third parties †¢ Local Competition External Factors Negative Urban Youth Make Up The Prime Target Audience 11 Particulars Low Cost in terms of initial investment as well as operating cost Target Audience Profile Category Young Urban Professionals on the move Low Risk Key Features of a QSR Teenagers High Impulse products Students Best Retail Locations Multiplex audience Competitive Prices Shoppers Target Audience Behaviour Age group 16-35 Hygiene & Taste conscious Location Cities and towns Social Class Middle and Upper Middle Class Lifecycle Dependent and Pre-Family* Brand conscious Westernized culture Seeking international standards Value seekers Experimental *based on Sagacity Lifestyle Model 12 Working of a QSR Brand Image, Ambience and Overall Experience are important intangible factors for QSR customers 13 ï‚ ¨ A QSR is meant to create instant interest in the mind of the consumer. It has to have ï‚ ¤ Intangible parameters that make a QSR successful Mass appeal Brand ï‚ ¤ ï‚ ¤ A unique experience ï‚ ¤ ï‚ ¨ A characteristic ambience A strong brand identity One cannot find Ronald at any other burger joint except McDonalds. ï‚ ¨ The service, which is the only human touch, plays a big role in creating a unique experience. A lot of time and resources are spent on training the staff ,as they represent the brand. KFC employees are expected to live up to their 3 F‟s to create to perfect environment – Fun, Friendly and Familiar. ï‚ ¨ In an effort to maintain the same experience across outlets, the service, interiors and menu items are standardized . Experience Ambience QSR Formats and Locations 14 QSR FORMATS LOCATIONS Malls Restaurants Tourist hubs Food Court Counters Corporate hubs Kiosks/Food Carts Take-away/Delivery Drive-ins Shopping Centers Multiplexes Airports/ Railway Stations Setting up a Franchise Outlet 15 Initial Qualification †¢ Application Review †¢ Background and Credit Check †¢ Assess training needs †¢ Signing of Franchise Disclosure Document †¢ Verify Assets Site Registration †¢ Franchisor sends site registration to brand for approval †¢ Franchisee remits funds Operation Plan Site Exploration and Securing Control †¢ Prospective franchisee makes an operation plan which is reviewed thoroughly Franchise Onboarding †¢ Franchisee arranges for Financing †¢ Hires a Team †¢ Franchisor provides Support and Training †¢ Builds Restaurant †¢ Supports in Grand Opening †¢ Determine Site Selection Strategy †¢ Identify focus areas †¢ Franchisor completes Action Plan for Trade Area †¢ Franchisee negotiates for the site and sends letter of intent Franchisor’s Role after the launch †¢ On-site Training is provided for every procedure. †¢ The Franchisor has an approved vendor list from where the ingredients can be sourced. †¢ They have an annual promotional and advertising plan that they implement with the support of the franchisees. †¢ Quality checks are conducted via Consumer Feedback, Food SafetyAudits and Standard Audits Managing Human Resources 16 ï‚ ¨ Acquisition When QSRs come to India, they find it difficult to get experienced talent for Human Resource Tree at at a typical QSR outlet strategic positions. There are very few people with relevant experience, Restaurant Manager especially in a global firm. Poaching employees from competitors would mean huge incentives and salary raises. Thus a lot of companies hire people in the same function but from a different industry. ï‚ ¨ First Asst. Manager Support & training The franchisors offer support and training to the franchisees for effectively Trainee Manager running the small format franchise business. Training is conducted at 3 stages: ïÆ'Ëœ Induction ïÆ'Ëœ On-going ïÆ'Ëœ Refresher ï‚ ¨ Retention Trainee Floor Manager Out of 10000 emloyees, KFC has to replace 7000 employees each year. This means cost for fresh recruitments, training and relieving employees is very high. Dominos has increased salaries of store front employees by 20% and implemented an incentive plan in order to reduce attrition rate. Training Squad Crew Member Second Asst. Manager Marketing Strategies 17 ï  ± QSRs have to play on their strengths to create and communicate a brand promise. ï  ± The brand promise can be anything from fast service to low prices to healthy food. ï  ± Successful QSR chains have been able to take their brand promise very effectively to the masses. 1 †¢ A large burger chain targeted the value seeker community and created highest value for money as its brand promise. 2 †¢ India‟s largest Pizza chain targeted the customers who wanted fast service at their doorsteps. It created the brand promise of assured fast delivery and communicated it with its â€Å"30 mins or its free† campaigns 3 †¢ A large coffee shop chain wanted to position itself as not just a coffee shop but a place to hangout with friends and family. They marketed themselves with the tag line â€Å" A lot can happen over coffee† which clearly communicated that they wanted their customers to have a complete experience much beyond just coffee. Pricing Strategies 18 ï  ± Its important for QSRs to price their products carefully because of the stiff competition that they face. ï  ± The strategy is to price their products in such a way that the maximum number of customers can be retained and at the same time higher margins are abstracted from the customers who do not mind paying more for extra value. This is achieved by: DIFFERENTIAL PRICING Pricing the base product aggressively and keeping higher margins on the side orders This strategy is for the price conscious consumer who sees great value in the base product and can choose to not take the side orders At the same time it allows the QSR to charge the customer for whom price does not matter, much more through the high margin side orders Most QSRs keep fighter brands in their menu to remain competitive. VALUE PRICING Value combos allow the QSR to sell more no of high margin products with the low margin base products. Eg: QSRs try to sell more French fries and cold drinks through their value meals. Pizza chains sell more garlic bread and cold drinks through their value meals Growth Strategies of QSRs 19 A large burger chain in India has the highest foot fall amongst all countries, but the lowest average bill. Growth in India is achieved based on volumes, hence every QSR is looking to expand its presence . A coffee trading company who supplies coffee beans, started a retail business of coffee shops all over India. Forward Integration A casual restaurant chain diversified into food court stalls., thus entering the QSR market. Horizontal Diversification A coffee shop chain diversified its coffee shops business by establishing express outlets and coffee machines. Concentric Diversification A soft drink giant branched out to form a new company with Pizza and Fried Chicken chains in its umbrella. It sold off its stake, but is in a lifetime contract with the firm Lateral Diversification Menu Planning 20 Menu Selection is critical, especially when localizing in markets like India and China where traditions, religion and local taste are cannot be ignored. Enlisted below are some of the important factors: Size of outlets Target in terms of demographics Local taste preference †¢ QSRs do not keep the full menu at all outlets. †¢ Instead they include only a few high volume products at outlets with space limitations like food courts and express kiosks †¢ Depending upon the age group they are targeting, QSRs have to adjust their menus. †¢ QSRs targeting older age groups have to include healthier and more traditional food items in their menus where as QSRs targeting the youth can have more experimental and/or fast food items. †¢ Product adaptation according to customer preferences is really important for QSRs to succeed. †¢ International chains in India have to adjust their menus to include more vegetarian and spicy items. A Fried Chicken brand has the most extensive range of items in India amongst all its worldwide outlets †¢ Most QSR giants avoid using beef and pork due to cultural taboos. The 4 pronged approach to ensure standardization across all outlets 21 Standardized aspects of every outlet There are 4 important factors that enable standardization for a restaurant with multiple outlets: Training Equipment †¢Every new employee has to go through a specific pre-designed training program for that level of employment. Recipes Procurement of Products †¢The same machines are used by all outlets for making the  dishes. Standard recipes have to be followed by the chefs who receive thorough training for the same. †¢QSRs have centralized approved vendors from where they  procure and process raw materials. They also procure finished products like spices and condiments from the same vendor and distribute it. Case Study – Dominos India 22 60 9000+ 400 364 9000 Jubilant Foodworks Ltd. operates the 364 Dominos international markets outlets in India, pursuant to a Master Franchise Agreement International, which operate Domino’s pizza delivery stores and the associated trademarks in the operation of stores in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The pizza million pizzas sold each year employees in India Domino’s provides them with the exclusive right to develop and outlets worldwide outlets in India with stores in Sri Lanka are operated by their subfranchisee, DP Lanka. It is the largest Pizza chain in India, way ahead of its immediate competitor Pizza Hut with 50% of market share in the Indian Pizza market and 70% market share in the home delivery market. Source: dominos.com, dominos.co.in, reuters.com Case Study – Dominos India 23 Particulars Market share in the Indian Pizza market – 50% Market share in the home delivery segment –70% Sales Per Day Per Outlet Rs.56600 80% of their sales come from the Pizza segment, and EBIDTA margin (9M FY2011) 18% the remaining is attributed to beverages and side items. Same Store Sales Growth (9M 38.7% 80% of sales come from home delivery and 20% from 65% FY2011) Market Share OTC sales. Sales Break-up: Cuisine-wise 4% Sales Break-up: Segment-wise 20% 16% Pizzas Home Delivery Beverages Over-the-Counter Others 80% 80% Source: indiainfoline.com, dominos.co.in Critical Success Factors of Dominos India 24 Critical Success Factors 1. Delivery-oriented model reduces cost 2. Dominos has a vertically integrated supply chain. (as seen below) 3. Franchising model Supply Chain of Dominos Regional warehouse Raw Material Supplier (Approved vendor) Regional Centralized Facilities for processing raw material like dough – 4 centres across India Refrigerated trucks carry the finished items to retail outlets Retail Outlets Items are prepared based on orders and sent to end consumer 25 Key Players‟ Profiles Key Player Profiles 26 Name Cuisine Parent Company/ Master Franchisee Origin Location Formats Outlets Expansion Plans in India McDonalds Burgers Hard Castle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd USA PAN-India Dine-In, Food Courts, Drive-in 210 To add 20-25 outlets by 2013 KFC Fried Chicken Devyani International Ltd. USA PAN-India Dine-In, Food Courts 110 500 outlets by 2015 Chicking Fried Chicken Mirah Group UAE South Zone Dine-In 14 – Bangs Fried Chicken Fried Chicken Bangs India India South Zone Dine-In, Food Courts 7 100 outlets by FY2011 Pizza Hut Pizzas Devyani International Ltd. USA PAN-India Dine-In 171 300+ outlets by 2015 Dominos Pizzas Jubilant Foodworks USA PAN-India Dine-In, Delivery , Food Courts 364 To add 70 outlets in 2011 Papa Johns Pizzas Om Pizzas& Eats USA West Zone Dine-In 25 – Pizza Corner Pizzas Global Franchise Architects India South Zone Dine-In, Delivery 50 – US Pizza Pizzas United Restaurants Ltd. India PAN-India Dine-In, Delivery 77 – Smokin‟ Joes Pizzas Smokin‟ Joes Pizza Pvt. Ltd. India PAN-India Dine-In, Delivery 52 – Garcia‟s Pizzas Garcias Famous Pizza India West Zone Dine-in, Delivery 20 To add 20 outlets Slice of Italy Pizzas Green House & Hestoft Foods Pvt. Ltd. India North Zone Dine-In, Delivery 16 – Key Player Profiles 27 Name Cuisine Parent Company/ Master Franchisee Origin Location Formats Outlets in India Expansion Plans in India Barista Coffee Shop Barista Coffee Company Ltd. India PAN-India Espresso bars, High end cafes 230 – Costa Coffee Coffee Shop Devyani International Ltd. England PAN-India Cafes 75 300 outlets by 2014 CCD Coffee Shop Amalgamated Bean Coffee Trading Co. India PAN-India Cafes, Mall & Airport kiosks, Office outlets 1090 To add 200+_ outlets by 2014 Gloria Jean‟s Coffee Shop Citymax Hospitality Australia Metros Cafes 15 40 outlets by 2012 Kent‟s Fast Food Burgers Kents Fast Food India North Zone Dine-In 15 – Subway Submarine Sandwiches Subway Systems India Pvt. Ltd. USA PAN-India Dine-In, Food Courts 200 250 outlets by end of 2011 Tacobell Tex-Mex Yum Restaurants USA Bangalore Dine-In 3 100 outlets by 2015 Falafel Veg. Hummus House Lebanese Mirah Group India Mumbai Dine-In, Kiosks 8 100 outlets by 2011 Wimpy Burgers Famous Brands Ltd. UK Delhi Dine-In 3 – Yo! China Asian Moods Hospitality Pvt. Ltd Delhi, India PAN-India Dine-In, Kiosks 80+ – Key Player Profiles 28 Name Cuisine Parent Company/ Master Franchisee Origin Location Formats Outlets Expansion Plans in India Dosa Plaza South Indian Prem Sagar Dosa Plaza Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India PAN-India Dine-In, Food Court 35 – Jumboking Vadapav Jumboking Foods pvt.ltd. Mumbai, India West Zone Express, Restaurant & Takeaway 43 250 outlets by 2011-12 Kaati Zone Mughlai East West Ethnic Foods Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore , India South Zone Dine-In 15 – Mast Kalandar Indian Spring Leaf Retail Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore , India South Zone Dine-In 21 – Nirula‟s MultiCuisine Nirula‟s Corner House Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India North Zone Dine-In, Kiosks 80+ To add 50 outlets by 2012 Kailash Parbat MultiCuisine Kailash Parbat Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India PAN-India Food Court Stalls 15+ – Comesum MultiCuisine RK Group Delhi, India PAN-India Dine-In, Delivery 11 – Haldiram‟s MultiCuisine Haldiram Snacks Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India North Zone Dine-In 18 – Bikano Chat Cafe MultiCuisine Bikanervala Foods Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India North Zone Restaurant, Institutional Tuck Shops, Food Cart 68 – Sagar Ratna MultiCuisine Sagar Ratna Hotels Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India North Zone Dine-In, Food Court 53 – Tibbs Frankie Frankie J.Tibbs & Co. Mumbai, India West Zone Kiosks 20+ Key Players‟ Segmentation 29 Segmentation based on Size of the Chain Local Chain Jumboking National Chain International Chain Segmentation based on Cuisine Pizzas Burgers & Sandwiches Coffee Shops Indian Specialty Cuisine Dominos McDonalds CCD Comesum Jumboking Pizza Hut KFC Barista Sagar Ratna Yo!China Pizza Corner Wimpy Costa Coffee Kailash Parbat Tabobell Papa Johns Subway Gloria Jeans Mast Kalandar Falafel Pizza Hut Smokin Joes Kents Fast Food Kaati Zone Tibbs Frankie Barista Pizza Corner Garcia‟s Haldirams Haldiram‟s Cafà © Coffee Day Papa Johns Slice of Italy Nirulas Sagar Ratna Tibbs Frankie Tacobell US Pizza Bikano Chat Cafe Comesum McDonalds Nirulas Dosa Plaza KFC Mast Kalandar Kailash Parbat Subway Kaati Zone Yo! China Wimpy Garcia‟s Smokin‟ Joes Dominos Falafel‟s US Pizza Bang‟s Fried Chicken Bikano Chat Cafà © Costa Coffee Kents Fast Food Gloria Jeans Geographical Segmentation 30 PAN-India : International Cuisine McDonalds* NORTH ZONE Nirula‟s Haldiram‟s Bikano Chat Cafà © Slice of Italy Kent‟s Fast Food Sagar Ratna Wimpy PAN-India : Coffee Shops Gloria Jean* KFC* Costa Coffee* Subway* Barista Pizza Hut* Cafà © Coffee Day Dominos* US Pizza Smokin‟ Joes WEST ZONE Papa Johns* Garcia‟s Falafel Jumbo King PAN-India : Indian and Specialty Cuisine Dosa Plaza Comesum 65% of Dominos‟ revenues are contributed by the top 7 cities out of 70 cities it is present in. 50% of their outlets are in Maharashtra, New Delhi and Karnataka SOUTH ZONE Pizza Corner* Chicking* Tacobell* Kaati Zone Bangs Fried Chicken Mast Kalandar *International Brands Kailash Parbat Yo! China Tibbs Frankie Key Players‟ Positioning 31 PAN-India Ethnic Cuisine Ethnic Cuisine PAN-India Pizza Hut Dominos Comesum* Dosa Plaza* Kailash Parbat* Yo! China* Cafà © Coffee Day* Barista* Gloria Jeans Costa Coffee Sagar Ratna* Haldiram‟s* Mast Kalandar* Jumbo king* Kaati Zone* Bikano Chat Cafà ©* Nirula‟s* Zonal Tacobell Falafel Pizza Corner Papa Johns US Pizza* Smokin Joes* Slice of Italy* Garcias* McDonalds KFC Wimpy Subway International Cuisine Chicking Bang‟s Fried Chicken* Kent‟s Fast Food* Tibb‟s Frankie*International Cuisine Zonal *Indian originated chains Dominos and Cafà © Coffee Day are the largest QSRs in India in terms of reach and number of outlets 32 No. Of Outlets v/s Geographical Spread of Pizza Chains Pizza Chain Outlets Spread Origin Indian 52 PAN-India Indian 50 South Zone International 25 West Zone International 20 West Zone Indian Slice of Italy 16 North Zone Indian Chain Outlets Cities 1090 120 PAN-India Indian 364 87 PAN-India International McDonalds 210 45 PAN-India International Pizza Hut 171 34 PAN-India International Barista 230 30 PAN-India Indian Subway No. of Outlets PAN-India Dominos 115 77 Cafà © Coffee Day No. of Cities 65 International Garcias 15 PAN-India Papa Johns No. Of Outlets v/s No. of Cities of top brands in India 171 Pizza Corner 15 International Smokin Joes 5 10 Geographical Spread PAN-India US Pizza 0 364 Pizza Hut No. of Outlets Dominos 200 26 PAN-India International KFC 110 21 PAN-India International Spread Origin 33 Trends and Future Prospects Big brands – Small cities – Small formats 34 Locations Large chains expanding to smaller cities Domestic chains setting up in big cities Formats Cuisines Technology Express Outlets Basic street Foods entering organized market – Vadapav, Ice Gola Online ordering systems Smart Carts/Kiosks Regional cuisines– Kebab Lucknow Wale, Malwaneez IVR system for placing order and making payment via Credit Card Kiosks have managed to attract huge footfalls at sales points. Even big chains are now customizing their outlets to smaller models like „express‟ and „stand-ins‟ Integration of concepts – so Mcdonalds serves coffee and CCD serves sandwiches Menu diversification by introducing Indian flavours – Chicken TandooriSub at Subway Investors are queuing up to get a big slice of the pie 35 ï‚ ¨ With the number of QSRs growing at 30% per year, the industry is attracting investors‟ interest, especially after the IPO of Jubilant Foodworks, the master franchise of Dominos Pizza in India ï‚ ¨ ICICI Venture acquired 10% stake i.e. $55 Million in Devyani International who is the franchisee of KFC, Pizza Hut and Costa Coffee in India ï‚ ¨ Also Mast Kalandar, a Bangalore-based QSR chain, secured a second round of investment from Helion Venture Partners, Footprint Ventures and Salarpuria Group. ï‚ ¨ Chinese cuisine QSR Yo! China received funding of $5.5 Million from Matrix partners ï‚ ¨ Accel Partners invested in Bangalore-based fast food chain Kaati Zone. Source: vccircle.com QSR giants Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks set to foray into the Indian market 36 ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ Dunkin’ Donuts- Jubilant FoodWorks is to develop, sub-franchise, and operate more than 500 Dunkin‟ Donuts restaurants throughout India over the next 15 years. The first Dunkin‟ Donuts locations are expected to open by early 2012. The Agreement marks the largest international store development commitment in Dunkin‟ Donuts‟ history. Starbucks – Tata Coffee is to bring Starbucks , the world‟s largest coffee chain to India through a Joint Venture Quiznos – The US-based subway restaurant chain has signed a master franchise agreement with Arjun Valluri for setting up outlets in Southern India. Source: www.dunkindonuts.com, www.trak.in, U.S. Franchise Trade Mission Participants Profile, April 10-15 2011 Sources 37 Research firms ï‚ ¨ Technopak ï‚ ¨ IBEF ï‚ ¨ Marketing Whitebook 2010-11, 2011-12 ï‚ ¨ Mckinsey Global Institute ï‚ ¨ www.rncos.com ï‚ ¨ www.nrai.org Company Websites ï‚ ¨ www.yum.com ï‚ ¨ www.mcdonaldsindia.com ï‚ ¨ www.dominos.co.in Other websites ï‚ ¨ Hospitalitybizindia.com ï‚ ¨ Indiaretailing.com ï‚ ¨ Franchiseindia.com Newspapers ï‚ ¨ Deccan Herald ï‚ ¨ Economic Times ï‚ ¨ Business Standard ï‚ ¨ DNA 38 About D‟Essence Our Services 39 D‟Essence Hospitality is Boutique Management Consulting firm based in Mumbai which provides specialty consulting services for the entire spectrum of the hospitality industry with a special focus on hotel operators, builders and investors ï  ± Feasibility Studies ï‚ ¤ Management Model Viability ï‚ ¤ Technical Viability Economic and Financial Model Viability ï‚ ¤ ï‚ ¨ Market Viability Business Model Viability Exit Strategy Viability Site Analysis – We have vast experience in project planning & site selection. In many cases it has been seen that planners & architects normally look into a project from design and land-use perspectives. But we do detailed site and market analysis to determine the viability of the project from financial and investment standpoint. ï‚ ¨ India Entry Strategy – We help our clients to develop suitable market entry strategies through analyzing entry barriers (ease), geographical factors, incumbents‟ resistance and routs to market. ï‚ ¨ Management Contracts – Branded operators have very stringent clauses in the contracts. To deal with them needs deep understanding of the domain and effects of each clause on the profit margins. D‟Essence Hospitality Services makes full use of its expertise in understanding the management contracts and negotiating it for best acceptable terms. Our Services 40 ï‚ ¨ Key Recruitments D‟Essence Hospitality is dedicated to becoming India‟s leading executive search firm exclusively serving the Hospitality Industry. Our search team enables you to recruit for executive level management, divisional managers, general managers, culinary, finance, sales and marketing, food and beverage, engineering professionals who will all, directly affect and drive the profitability of your organization ï‚ ¨ Acquisitions From our years of experience, we advise our clients on which assets to buy and when to buy and based on our recommendations they devise strategies for buying assets. We also provide assistance to our clients to develop assets disposal strategies in order to maximize project performance ï‚ ¨ Business Model and Business Plan We assist our clients in the business planning process and then prepare a plan based on the available resources and their business objectives. Our Business Planning services include feasibility studies, business formation plans, strategic plans, new product plans, marketing and promotional plans, etc. ï‚ ¨ Fund Raising ï‚ ¨ Mentoring ï‚ ¨ Growth Strategy THANKYOU D‟Essence Consulting 303, Aar Pee Center, 11th Road, Gufic Compound, MIDC, Andheri (E) Mumbai- 400093 Tel +91 22 28347425 www.dessencehospitality.com

Pushing Tin Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pushing Tin - Movie Review Example Although Nick is a happily married man to a sweet wife Connie, he falls for Bells wife when he met her at a supermarket. Nick has a sincere character full of intelligence that enables him get on the track, through Bell’s help after her wife leaves him. The movie unravels several stress levels experienced by a diverse workforce. The changing times of globalisation comes with added demands on the workers to perform more duties diligently at the same pay as before. Integrated stress model describes stressors as occurring in workplaces, which include nonworking experiences, and during major life transitions (Edward 410). Lazarus and Folkman as quoted by NEIU argue that stressors are life experiences or circumstances that threaten a major goal including maintenance of ones physical integrity and psychological well being (Kemeny 1). Stressors affect various cognition states causing anxiety, sadness, frustration, helplessness, and an overwhelmed self-being. The model advocates for filtering stressors in that a stressor can be exciting to one person and harmful to another. In addition, the model suggests personality, skills, family health history, demographics, diet, and physical fitness as some moderators of stress. From the movie Pushing Tin, Nick’s skills make him outstanding on a job that has so much pressure. When the airline management decides to layoff other air controllers, Nick manages to keep his job. He boasts of his ability to handle intense stress in a job that has a very high percentage of staff turnovers. Integrated model helps us explain why two individuals subjected to similar stressful work conditions will behave differently. While the job conditions excite and work well for Nick, the same conditions are so adverse to other air controllers and they have to quick job. Nick has special capabilities and resilience that makes him stand out. In the same stressful working conditions, Bell comes in and outperforms